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Monitoring of Phytoestrogens Expression to the Milk and Milk Products
Watzková, Jarmila ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Phytoestrogens are very intensively studied in recent years because they show different pharmacological effects on human health. For example, it was demonstrated that phytoestrogens reduce the risk of certain cancers (breast, prostate or colon), act as antioxidants in the body and affect the activity of certain enzymes. In addition, also it was demonstrated number of positive effects of soybean phytoestrogens on the health status of women in the menopause, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis. Various technologically processed soy beans are important part of the feed rations mainly for high-lactating dairy cows, because they are a valuable source of the energy and high-quality protein, despite their negative effect on reproductive performance. Phytoestrogens consumed from the feed rations are hydrolyzed in the rumen of dairy cow and together with their metabolites are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood. They can be excreted from the body in urine or milk. From this perspective, cow's milk may become a source of phytoestrogens substances, especially equol in the human nutrition. On the other hand, some research results suggest possible potential risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in the diet on human health. At the some age (infants and young children) and group (vegetarians) categories may be dietary intake of phytoestrogens undiserable. According to most experts, a beneficial effect on human health prevail the potential risks. However, the risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in food can not be ignored and therefore phytoestrogens are still actual problem in the field of scientific research.
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Evaluation of selected dietary supplements - climacterium
Tobolková, Blanka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids or fatty acids) intended to supplement the diet. The aim of the diploma thesis was to suggest a prescription for preparation of three types of dietary supplements which are used to reduce of climacteric symptoms, their production and determination of energetic (nutrition) value on account of detected content of proteins, fats and saccharides in dietary supplements. A part of the diploma thesis was to suggest suitable wrapping and price of prepared dietary supplements. The three dietary supplements were used for analyses, namely capsules, herb syrup and herb drops. The content of proteins was determined by Kjeldahl´s method, total fats were determined by Soxhlet extraction and saccharides were determined by titration with potassium permanganate (Bertrand´s method). Dietary supplements in form of capsules were particular analysed on content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenal). In herbal drops was in addition determined alcohol content (ethanol). There was from the measured data found out, dietary supplement in form of capsules was chosen as the product with the lowest energetic (nutrition) value.
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Zařazení barevné pšenice "AF ZORA" s vysokým obsahem antokyanů na parametry užitkovosti nosnic na konci snáškového cyklu
Schořová, Michaela
The hypothesis of the experiment was to determine the effect of anthocyanins from the black AF Zora wheat variety on the reproductive parameters of weaned hens (>72 weeks of age). 120 laying hens of the breed Rhode Island White were used for the experiment and were divided into two groups - control and experimental in six repetitions. The experimental group was fed with a feed mixture containing 60% AF Zora black wheat and the control group 60% ordinary wheat of the Vanessa red variety. The experiment lasted 18 weeks, dur-ing which feed consumption, egg laying, egg quality, bone strength, antioxidant activity and phytoestrogen activity were monitored. The positive effect of anthocyanins was evident on egg-laying (P<0.05) in the experimental group, but at the same time, the weight of one egg in this group was about 1 g less and the quality of the shell deteriorated. Furthermore, the eggs of the experimental group had higher haugh units (P<0.01). The effect of anthocyanins on the antioxidant activity determined using the FRAP method was not confirmed. Phytoes-trogenic activity determined by mRNA expression of vitellogenin (VTG 1 and VTG 2) was not confirmed.
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Specifics of nutrition in postmenopausal women
Ostárková, Ester ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
The diploma thesis studies the specifics of nutrition in postmenopausal women. During this period, women face the decline of female hormones and with postmenopausal symptoms, which significantly affect the quality of women's life. A healthy lifestyle plays a significant role in limiting the effects of symptoms on daily life activities and work as a prevention of diseases typically caused by the aging. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of menopause and physiological changes, clarifies the increased risks of developing diseases during this period, lists their dietary measures and deals with general recommendations for appropriate nutrition for women in menopause, including the issue of phytoestrogens. The main goal of the practical part of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the eating habits of postmenopausal women in comparison with general recommendations and to determine the level of awareness of appropriate nutrition, physical activity, prevention options and a possible higher risk of disease during this period. The metodology used a questionnaire survey, which was supplemented with case studies. The results of the research point to inappropriate eating habits of postmenopausal women as a low consumption of fish, vegetables and whole grain products, and conversely higher...
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The influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause
Chejnovská, Zuzana ; Matulová, Jana (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee)
Author: Zuzana Chejnovská Institution: Charles University - Faculty of medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Non-Medical Studies Title: The influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Matulová Number of pages: 95 Year of defense: 2023 Keywords: climacterium, climacteric syndrome, quality of life, hormonal changes, hormone replacement therapy, menopause, phytoestrogens The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is theoretical, which describes the individual physiological periods of woman's life, the climacteric, the symptomatology of the climacteric, the possibilities of mitigation its impacts, the quality of life in general and the quality of life of women in menopause. The empirical part of the thesis is based on quantitative research survey, which was performed trough a standardized questionnaire Menopause Rating Scale. The main aim of the research was to assess the overall quality of life of women in menopause.
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Secondary metabolites of plant cultures in vitro I
Zlochová, Pavlína ; Kašparová, Marie (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Pavlína Zlochová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Kašparová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Secondary metabolites of plant cultures in vitro I. Key words: Suspension cultures, Trifolium pratense, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, isoflavonoids Explant cultures are source of plant secondary metabolites. Nevertheless the production of secondary metabolites is usually low in explant cultures. This production can be increased by elicitation metods. Suitable elicitor is added into the cultivate medium and leads to gene expression and production of secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of sodium chloride on the production of flavonoids and isoflavonoids by the Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture (Tempus variety). The culture was cultivated on Gamborg nutriet medium with addition of 2 mg.l-1 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg.l-1 6-benzylaminopurine. Cultivation proceed in 25řC temperature and 16 hours light/8 hours dark period. Then determination of flavonoids in according to Czech Pharmacopoeia 2009 and the determination of isoflavonoids by HPLC method was performed. The best elicitation effect on the production of flavonoids was 175 mmol.l-1 of sodium chloride after a 3...
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Hormone remedies and other endocrine disruptors within the living environment
Pfitzner, Robert ; Podlipná, Radka (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
The progress of modern society has brought along the issue of environmental contamination with various chemical substances which ensue from all kinds of anthropogenous activity. Among the substances which contaminate the living environment in this way are compounds that influence the endocrine system of an organism by disrupting the physiological function of its endogenous hormones. These compunds are known as endogenous disruptors and alongside certain substances of natural origin they, too, show estrogenic activity. The exogens in question have similar structural features, such as the hormone estrogen, which is why they can interact with estrogenic receptors. The compounds are dangerous in that they can influence biological functions, despite being at very low concentrations. At present, intensive research employing the latest instrumental methods is carried out with the aim of assessing the impact of these compounds on mankind and its living environment. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to summarise the present knowledge of the impact of endocrine disruptors on the living environment, classify them according to their source and outline the methods of analysis as well as the possibility of their decomposition with the help of biodegradation.
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Monitoring of Phytoestrogens Expression to the Milk and Milk Products
Watzková, Jarmila ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Phytoestrogens are very intensively studied in recent years because they show different pharmacological effects on human health. For example, it was demonstrated that phytoestrogens reduce the risk of certain cancers (breast, prostate or colon), act as antioxidants in the body and affect the activity of certain enzymes. In addition, also it was demonstrated number of positive effects of soybean phytoestrogens on the health status of women in the menopause, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis. Various technologically processed soy beans are important part of the feed rations mainly for high-lactating dairy cows, because they are a valuable source of the energy and high-quality protein, despite their negative effect on reproductive performance. Phytoestrogens consumed from the feed rations are hydrolyzed in the rumen of dairy cow and together with their metabolites are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood. They can be excreted from the body in urine or milk. From this perspective, cow's milk may become a source of phytoestrogens substances, especially equol in the human nutrition. On the other hand, some research results suggest possible potential risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in the diet on human health. At the some age (infants and young children) and group (vegetarians) categories may be dietary intake of phytoestrogens undiserable. According to most experts, a beneficial effect on human health prevail the potential risks. However, the risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in food can not be ignored and therefore phytoestrogens are still actual problem in the field of scientific research.
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Evaluation of selected dietary supplements - climacterium
Tobolková, Blanka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids or fatty acids) intended to supplement the diet. The aim of the diploma thesis was to suggest a prescription for preparation of three types of dietary supplements which are used to reduce of climacteric symptoms, their production and determination of energetic (nutrition) value on account of detected content of proteins, fats and saccharides in dietary supplements. A part of the diploma thesis was to suggest suitable wrapping and price of prepared dietary supplements. The three dietary supplements were used for analyses, namely capsules, herb syrup and herb drops. The content of proteins was determined by Kjeldahl´s method, total fats were determined by Soxhlet extraction and saccharides were determined by titration with potassium permanganate (Bertrand´s method). Dietary supplements in form of capsules were particular analysed on content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenal). In herbal drops was in addition determined alcohol content (ethanol). There was from the measured data found out, dietary supplement in form of capsules was chosen as the product with the lowest energetic (nutrition) value.
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Natural sources of lignans in our diet
NĚMEC, Petr
This bachelor thesis deals with lignans (phytoestrogens) in our diet. Preliminary of the work is focused on the characteristic of lignans, which belongs to the not entirely explored group of substances contained in various parts of the plant. The work reviews the most utilized crops (soy, flax, and cereals), from which was isolated a large amount of lignans and other compounds with estrogenic activity. Furthermore, there is introduced the list of substances contained in crops and mechanisms of their action in the human body. Their use is very beneficial in the prevention of serious diseases, so-called civilization. At the end of the work, there are highlighted various methods of separation of lignans from plants.
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